Jet derives its name from the Old French word jaiet, which traces back to the Latin gagates, referencing its origin in the ancient Gagas River. Sometimes called Black Amber, this organic gemstone is formed from fossilised driftwood, setting it apart from traditional minerals. In metaphysical circles, Jet is known as the Stone of Protection, valued for its grounding and purifying properties.
Composition, Physical Characteristics, and Varieties
Jet consists of fossilised wood, compressed over millions of years, resulting in a lightweight, lustrous black material. Unlike crystalline gemstones, Jet is organic, similar to Amber, with a hardness of 2.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. It is smooth, highly polished, and often carved into beads, pendants, and mourning jewellery.
Varieties of Jet include:
- Hard Jet – dense and compact, commonly sourced from England.
- Soft Jet – lighter and more porous, often found in Spain and Russia.
- Anthracitic Jet – resembles coal but retains Jet’s characteristic smooth texture.
Geographical Locations Where It Is Found
Jet occurs in England, Spain, Russia, and the United States, with the most famous deposits in Whitby, England, where artisans have crafted Jet jewellery for centuries. Other sources include Poland, Germany, and Turkey, though Whitby Jet remains the most sought-after.
Archaeological and Significant Finds with Historical and Current Usage
Jet has been prized since Neolithic times, used for amulets, carvings, and protective talismans. The Romans traded Jet extensively, believing it warded off evil spirits. The Victorian era saw Jet’s peak popularity, as Queen Victoria famously wore Jet mourning jewellery after Prince Albert’s passing. Today, Jet remains a favoured stone for spiritual practices and artisan crafts.
Whitby jet was a popular material for jewellery in Roman Britain from the 3rd century. The Romans organised its collection from the beach at Whitby and transferred to Eboracum (York) where it was turned into rings, hair pins, beads, bracelets, bangles, necklaces, and pendants. The Romans believed it to be a magical material because of its protective qualities and ability to deflect the gaze of the evil eye. Pliny the Elder suggests that “the kindling of jet drives off snakes and relieves suffocation of the uterus. Its fumes detect attempts to simulate a disabling illness or a state of virginity
The Vikings created miniature carvings of animals, mainly snakes.
Jet became fashionable during the Victorian era in the 1850s after the queen wore a jet necklace as part of mourning dress for her mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and again while mourning the death of her husband Prince Albert
In Whitby, the Victorian tradition continued up until World War II. Jet Jewellery (both vintage and new) fell out of fashion until the 80s. Then Jet beads and antique jet jewellery started to rise in value.
Interesting Facts
- Unlike most gemstones, Jet is warm to the touch due to its organic composition.
- Ancient cultures believed burning Jet produced a cleansing smoke, dispelling negativity.
- The Victorians used Jet in mourning jewellery, symbolising remembrance and protection.
Folklore, Superstition, Legends, and Tales
Legends link Jet to spiritual guardianship, protecting wearers from curses and ill fate. Some traditions claim Jet absorbs negative energy, requiring cleansing to maintain its potency. Others believe carved Jet carries ancestral wisdom, making it popular among shamans and healers.
Mystical Healing Properties, Astrology, and Zodiac Associations
Jet is valued for its grounding, protective, and purifying qualities, helping dispel negativity and foster emotional stability. Astrologically, it resonates with Capricorn, Scorpio, and Virgo, complementing their resilient and introspective nature:
- Capricorn – strengthens discipline and grounding energy.
- Scorpio – enhances protection and personal transformation.
- Virgo – promotes emotional clarity and purification.
Chakra System Connections
Jet primarily connects with the Root Chakra, ensuring stability and energetic grounding. Some believe it also influences the Third Eye Chakra, deepening intuitive awareness.
Use as a Birthstone and for a Wedding Anniversary
Though not a traditional birthstone, Jet serves as an alternative stone for Capricorn, supporting their practical and grounding nature. It is also gifted for a 26th wedding anniversary, symbolising resilience and enduring connection.
Crystals That Work Well with Jet and Those to Avoid
- Best Pairings:
- Obsidian – enhances protection and grounding.
- Hematite – strengthens stability and energy shielding.
- Amethyst – balances Jet’s protective energy with spiritual awareness.
- Crystals to Avoid:
- Citrine – its vibrant energy may contrast with Jet’s grounding nature.
- Carnelian – its fiery energy might overpower Jet’s subtle stabilising effect.
Jet remains a powerful stone for protection, purification, and ancestral connection. Whether worn as jewellery, used in meditation, or carried as a talisman, it fosters resilience and grounding in everyday life.
